Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle Reviews and Buying Guide 2026

Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle

Finding The Right Insulated Kids Water Bottle

When looking for a water bottle for your child, you’ve likely faced the challenge of balancing durability, ease of use, and temperature retention. Kids need bottles that are safe, leak-proof, and simple enough for little hands to handle. But not all insulated bottles are the same, and it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the options.

The choices vary in materials, insulation effectiveness, and design features. Some focus on keeping drinks cold or hot for longer periods, while others prioritize spill resistance or ease of cleaning. Understanding these trade-offs helps narrow down what fits your child’s daily routine best.

This guide will help you understand what matters most in insulated kids water bottles and how to choose one that suits your child’s needs without overcomplicating the decision.

What Should You Focus On?

Instead of just specs, think about how your child will use the bottle. Will it be for school, outdoor play, or travel? Consider if your child prefers straws or spouts, and whether the bottle’s size and weight are manageable for them. Also, factor in how easy it is to clean and whether the bottle is truly leak-proof to avoid messes.

Common Mistakes To Avoid

Many buyers get caught up in features that don’t always translate to real-world benefits. For example, choosing a bottle solely based on maximum insulation time may not be necessary if your child finishes their drink quickly. Similarly, complex lids might be hard for toddlers to operate, causing frustration or spills.

By focusing on practical use and your child’s habits, you can avoid these pitfalls and pick a bottle that keeps your child hydrated with minimal fuss.

Next, we’ll look at a selection of insulated kids water bottles that cover a range of needs and preferences, helping you find the right fit for your family’s lifestyle.

Fijinhom 12oz Kids Insulated Bottle

This Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle offers reliable temperature retention and leak-proof design, ideal for active children at school or play.

The Fijinhom 12oz Kids Insulated Bottle is a stainless steel water bottle designed specifically for toddlers and young children. It solves the common problem of spills and temperature loss by featuring a 100% leak-proof closure and excellent vacuum insulation to keep drinks cold for 24 hours or hot for up to 12 hours.

Using this bottle is simple and comfortable thanks to its child-friendly size and included straw, making it easy for little hands to hold and drink from. Parents can feel confident knowing this BPA-free bottle is safe and durable, perfect for daily school use or outdoor activities.

Key Benefits for Kids and Parents

  • Made from BPA-free, high-quality 304 stainless steel for safety and durability
  • Completely leak-proof, preventing spills in backpacks or lunch boxes
  • Strong insulation keeps drinks cold for 24 hours and hot for 12 hours
  • Designed with a straw and perfect size for toddlers’ hands
  • Easy to carry and use during school or playtime
  • Supported by responsive customer service for any issues

Considerations Before Buying

  • 12-ounce capacity may be small for older or very active children
  • Only available in purple color, limiting style options
  • Not dishwasher safe, requiring hand washing for longevity

When This Bottle Works Best

This insulated water bottle is best suited for parents looking for a safe, reliable hydration option for toddlers and young kids at school or during outdoor play. It removes the hassle of leaks and temperature loss, ensuring drinks stay fresh throughout the day.

To get the most out of it, make sure to regularly clean the straw and lid to maintain hygiene. Its durable build and leak-proof design offer peace of mind for busy parents managing daily routines.

For families seeking a straightforward, dependable kids’ water bottle in a manageable size, this model fits well without extra complications.

Best for Why
Toddlers and preschoolers Child-friendly size and straw make drinking easy for small hands
School and daycare use Leak-proof design prevents spills in backpacks or lunch boxes
Outdoor activities Vacuum insulation keeps drinks cold or hot for hours
Parents focused on safety BPA-free stainless steel prioritizes child health

Fijinhom 12oz Insulated Kids Bottle

This Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle offers lasting temperature control and leak-proof security ideal for active children at school or play.

The Fijinhom 12oz Insulated Kids Bottle is a stainless steel water bottle designed for toddlers and young children. It solves the common problem of leaks and temperature loss with its vacuum insulation and a 100% leak-proof closure. This bottle keeps drinks cold for up to 24 hours or hot for up to 12 hours, helping children stay hydrated throughout the day.

Using this bottle feels easy and secure for kids thanks to its child-friendly size and straw design. Parents can feel confident knowing it’s made from safe, BPA-free materials and is durable enough to handle daily use at school or outdoor activities without unexpected spills.

Key Benefits for Kids and Parents

  • Safe, BPA-free 304 stainless steel protects health.
  • Leak-proof design prevents messes in bags or backpacks.
  • Effective insulation keeps drinks cold or hot for hours.
  • Child-sized with an easy-to-use straw for little hands.
  • Durable build withstands active use and travel.
  • Reliable customer support for any issues after purchase.

Considerations Before Buying

  • 12-ounce capacity may be small for older children or long outings.
  • Blue color option only, limiting choices for those seeking variety.
  • Straw mechanism may require regular cleaning to maintain hygiene.

Who This Works Well For

This bottle is best for parents looking for a reliable, insulated water bottle for toddlers and early school-age kids. It removes the hassle of leaks and temperature loss, making hydration stress-free during busy days. To get the best results, clean the straw regularly and encourage kids to use the bottle often to stay hydrated.

The design supports easy handling by young children, while the durable materials and leak-proof cap offer peace of mind for parents. It fits well in backpacks and lunchboxes, making it a practical hydration solution.

Best for Why
Toddlers and young kids Child-friendly size and straw design for easy use
School and daycare Leak-proof and insulated for all-day hydration
Outdoor activities Durable stainless steel and temperature retention
Parents prioritizing safety BPA-free materials and robust construction

Owala Kids Insulated Tumbler

The Owala Kids Insulated Tumbler is the Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle for parents seeking a spill-resistant and easy-to-clean option for toddlers on the go.

The Owala Kids Insulated Tumbler is a 15-ounce BPA-free plastic water bottle designed to keep drinks cold for toddlers during play and travel. Its spill-resistant lid and flexible straw help reduce messes, making it easier to manage around the house or on outings.

See also  Best Water Bottle for Cold Water 2026: Top Durable Picks Reviewed

Using this tumbler feels convenient and reassuring, especially with its easy-to-clean design and durable build. It fits well in stroller cup holders and booster seats, providing consistent access to cold drinks without constant spills or fuss.

Key Benefits for Parents and Kids

  • Spill-resistant lid minimizes mess and stress
  • Removable, reusable straw simplifies cleaning
  • Insulated BPA-free plastic keeps drinks cold during activities
  • Durable materials stand up to toddler tumbles
  • Compact size fits stroller and booster cup holders

Considerations Before Buying

  • Not suitable for hot, carbonated, or perishable liquids
  • Limited to 15-ounce capacity which may require frequent refills
  • Straw removal requires lid removal and some effort for thorough cleaning

When This Bottle Works Best

This insulated tumbler is ideal for parents who want a reliable, mess-reducing water bottle for toddlers during travel or everyday use. It removes the worry of spills and difficult cleaning, making hydration simpler and less stressful.

To get the best results, clean the straw regularly by removing it through the lid as instructed, which helps maintain hygiene and longevity. Its durable design provides peace of mind that it can handle the rough and tumble of toddler life without unexpected leaks or breaks.

Best for Why
Parents with toddlers on-the-go Spill-resistant design reduces mess in strollers and booster seats
Families needing easy-to-clean bottles Removable straw and dishwasher-safe parts simplify maintenance
Active kids who need cold drinks Insulated plastic keeps beverages cool during outdoor play
Those wanting a durable kids bottle Sturdy materials withstand drops and everyday use

Fijinhom 12 Oz Kids Water Bottle

This is a reliable choice for the Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle that keeps drinks cold for up to 24 hours while fitting perfectly in small hands.

The Fijinhom 12 oz Kids Water Bottle is a sturdy insulated bottle designed specifically for toddlers and young children. Its 304 stainless steel construction offers durability for everyday use, while the vacuum insulation keeps drinks cold for 24 hours, making it ideal for school or outdoor activities.

Using this bottle feels comfortable thanks to the soft silicone screw ring that makes it easy to hold for little hands. The leak-proof cap and straw lid add convenience and reduce mess, so parents can trust it will stay secure in backpacks or lunch boxes.

Key Benefits for Kids and Parents

  • Keeps drinks cold for a full school day or outdoor play
  • Durable 304 stainless steel withstands drops and rough handling
  • Soft silicone ring offers a secure grip for small hands
  • Leak-proof design minimizes spills and messes
  • Compact 12 oz size fits easily in lunch boxes and bags
  • Bright navy blue color appeals to boys and girls alike

Considerations Before Buying

  • Only keeps beverages cold, no mention of hot insulation
  • Requires careful closing of the straw lid to prevent leaks
  • Limited to 12 oz capacity, which may not suit older kids

Why This Bottle Works Well

This bottle is best for parents looking for a lightweight, durable water bottle that keeps kids’ drinks cold throughout the day without fuss. It removes worry about leaks and spills with its secure cap, helping reduce cleanup and stress.

For best results, make sure the straw lid is firmly closed after each use to maintain leak protection. This bottle offers peace of mind with BPA-free materials and a sturdy build, ensuring safety and longevity during daily kid adventures.

Best for Why
School lunches and daycare Compact size and leak-proof design fit well in bags and backpacks
Outdoor play and sports Keeps drinks cold for 24 hours during active use
Toddlers and young children Soft silicone grip and straw lid designed for small hands
Parents wanting durability 304 stainless steel withstands drops and daily wear

Fijinhom 12oz Kids Water Bottle

The Fijinhom 12oz Kids Water Bottle is a reliable choice as the Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle for keeping drinks hot or cold all day while fitting perfectly in little hands.

The Fijinhom 12oz Kids Water Bottle is a stainless steel vacuum insulated bottle designed for toddlers and school-aged kids. It solves the problem of keeping drinks at the desired temperature for hours while being safe and durable. The bottle’s 100% leak-proof design ensures no spills in backpacks or lunchboxes.

Using this bottle feels easy and comfortable for little hands thanks to its child-friendly size and straw design. It offers consistent hydration throughout the day without worry, making it a dependable companion for school, travel, or outdoor activities.

Key Benefits for Kids and Parents

  • Made from BPA-free, non-toxic 304 stainless steel for safe drinking
  • Vacuum insulation keeps drinks cold for 24 hours and hot for 12 hours
  • 100% leak-proof closure to prevent spills and messes
  • Designed with a straw and size perfect for toddlers’ hands
  • Durable enough for everyday school and outdoor use
  • Available in a bright pink color appealing to kids
  • Backed by responsive customer support for any issues

Considerations Before Buying

  • 12oz capacity may be small for older kids or longer outings
  • Pink color limits style options for some preferences
  • Straw design might require regular cleaning to maintain hygiene

Where This Bottle Works Best

This insulated water bottle is ideal for parents seeking a safe, easy-to-use option for toddlers and younger school children. It removes the hassle of spills and temperature loss, helping keep kids hydrated without constant refills. To get the most out of it, clean the straw regularly to ensure freshness and avoid clogs.

Reliability and safety stand out, giving parents peace of mind during busy school days or outdoor adventures. Its size and design suit little hands well, making drinking simple and stress-free for kids. Overall, it’s a practical and thoughtful choice for daily hydration needs.

Best for Why
Toddlers and young kids Size and straw design fit little hands and encourage easy drinking
School and daycare use Leak-proof feature prevents messes in bags and classrooms
Outdoor play and travel Vacuum insulation keeps drinks cold or hot for long periods
Parents prioritizing safety BPA-free stainless steel construction ensures non-toxic use

Tommee Tippee Sporty Spout Toddler Bottle

This Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle offers reliable spill-proof design and insulation, ideal for toddlers who need a durable and easy-to-use cup.

The Tommee Tippee Sporty Spout is a toddler water bottle designed to reduce spills with its two-piece valve system. Its insulated double-wall design keeps drinks colder longer, encouraging hydration without the mess. The bite-resistant spout is gentle yet durable, perfect for little ones learning to drink independently.

Using this bottle feels straightforward and reassuring, as toddlers can easily grip and carry it thanks to its ergonomic design. The dishwasher-safe parts and BPA-free materials offer parents peace of mind on safety and ease of cleaning, making it a consistent choice for daily use.

See also  Best Durable Kids Water Bottle for Rough Use 2026: Top Picks Reviewed

Key Benefits for Toddler Hydration

  • Spill-proof valve reduces messes and frustration.
  • Insulated double-wall keeps drinks cold longer.
  • Bite-resistant spout is gentle but durable.
  • Easy grip design tailored for toddler hands.
  • Dishwasher safe and BPA free for safety and convenience.
  • Two-piece valve removable for free-flow drinking.
  • Pack of two offers value and backup options.

Considerations Before Buying

  • Limited to 9oz capacity, may require frequent refills for older toddlers.
  • Spout design focused on toddlers 1-3 years, not suitable for older kids.
  • Light blue and orange color scheme may not appeal to all tastes.

Who This Works Well For

This bottle is best for parents of toddlers aged 1 to 3 who want a spill-proof, insulated cup that supports independent drinking. It removes the stress of leaks and messes, saving time on cleanup and making outings easier.

To maximize use, remove the valve for free-flow drinking once your child is comfortable, helping them transition smoothly. The safety-tested materials and dishwasher-safe parts provide reliable daily use without surprises.

Its simple, thoughtful design fits well with active toddlers and busy caregivers alike.

Best for Why
Toddlers learning to drink independently Spill-proof valve and bite-resistant spout ease transition from bottles
Parents wanting hassle-free cleaning Dishwasher-safe parts save time and effort
Keeping drinks cold during outings Double wall insulation maintains cooler beverages longer
Families seeking value and backup bottles Pack of two ensures availability and convenience

Pigeon Kids Stainless Steel Bottle

The Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle for ages 3+ that combines spill-proof design with easy drinking options.

This insulated water bottle is designed specifically for young children, offering a safe and durable option for daily hydration. Its 2-in-1 spout allows kids to drink through a straw or directly from the spout without extra parts, adapting as their preferences change.

Using this bottle feels simple and secure thanks to the ergonomic lip-shaped spout and a 360° leak-proof lid that prevents spills. The easy-open lid with a safety lock encourages kids to hydrate independently without mess or fuss.

Key Benefits for Kids and Parents

  • Made with corrosion-resistant 316L stainless steel for durability and hygiene.
  • Versatile 2-in-1 spout supports straw and direct drinking styles.
  • Ergonomic lip shape ensures comfortable, spill-free sipping.
  • 360° leak-proof lid keeps drinks secure in bags and during travel.
  • Simple one-handed operation with safety lock to prevent accidental spills.
  • Adjustable strap makes it easy for kids to carry anywhere.

Considerations Before Buying

  • At 0.75 pounds, it is slightly heavier than some plastic alternatives.
  • The size (16.9 oz) may be too large for toddlers under age 3.
  • Limited color pattern options, currently only the “Lone-legs Goes Stakeboarding” design.

Who This Works Well For

This bottle is ideal for parents looking for a reliable, easy-to-clean insulated bottle that grows with their child’s drinking habits. It removes the stress of spills and hygiene concerns with its leak-proof lid and simple design.

To get the most from it, encourage children to use the two-step flip button to foster independence while minimizing messes. Its sturdy construction offers peace of mind for daily school or outdoor use, standing up well to active kids’ routines.

Best for Why
Kids ages 3 and up Adapts drinking style from straw to direct spout as children grow.
Parents wanting spill-proof bottles 360° leak-proof lid ensures no spills in backpacks or bags.
Active kids on the go Durable stainless steel and adjustable strap fit busy outdoor lifestyles.
Families focused on hygiene Seamless design and ergonomic spout reduce dirt buildup and simplify cleaning.

Oldley 20 Oz Insulated Bottle

This Oldley bottle stands out as the Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle with versatile lids and excellent temperature retention for daily hydration needs.

The Oldley 20 oz Insulated Bottle is designed to keep drinks cold or hot for long periods, making it a practical choice for kids and adults on the go. It comes with three different lids including a straw, chug, and carabiner, covering multiple drinking preferences without needing extra purchases.

Using this bottle feels reliable and convenient, especially knowing it won’t leak or sweat. Its stainless steel build is safe and durable, and cleaning is easy since the bottle itself is dishwasher safe. This means less hassle and more confidence in daily use at school, sports, or outdoor activities.

Key Benefits for Everyday Use

  • Three lid options offer flexibility for different drinking styles.
  • Vacuum-sealed double-wall insulation keeps drinks hot or cold for hours.
  • Made from high-quality 18/8 stainless steel that is BPA-free and odorless.
  • Leak and sweat proof design prevents spills and moisture buildup.
  • Dishwasher safe for the bottle, simplifying cleanup (lid hand wash recommended).
  • Long-term guarantee on all lids ensures lasting support.

Considerations Before Buying

  • At just over one pound, it is slightly heavier than typical plastic bottles.
  • Lids should be hand washed to maintain their longevity.
  • Limited to a 20-ounce capacity, which may be small for some older kids or adults.

Where This Bottle Excels

This insulated bottle is ideal for families wanting a reliable, easy-to-clean bottle with options for different drinking preferences. It removes the worry of leaks and sweat marks on bags, making it hassle-free for school or gym use. A helpful tip is to switch lids depending on the activity—use the straw lid for quick sips and the carabiner lid for easy carrying outdoors.

Its durable stainless steel and BPA-free construction offer peace of mind on safety and longevity. If you prefer a versatile bottle that adapts to various situations without extra accessories, this is a solid pick. Personally, I appreciate its balance of functionality and easy maintenance.

Best for Why
Kids with active lifestyles Leak-proof and sweat-proof design prevents mess during sports or school
Parents seeking durability Stainless steel body resists rust and odors, ensuring long use
Users wanting multiple lid options Includes straw, chug, and carabiner lids for various drinking needs
People valuing easy cleaning Bottle is dishwasher safe, reducing time spent on maintenance

Tommee Tippee Toddler Insulated Bottle

This is a Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle that keeps drinks cold while preventing spills for active toddlers.

This insulated toddler water bottle is designed to keep drinks cold while offering a spill-proof experience thanks to its two-piece valve system. It is made specifically for toddlers aged 1 to 3, helping parents reduce mess and encourage hydration. The bite-resistant spout ensures durability for little mouths learning to drink independently.

Using this bottle feels simple and reassuring, as toddlers can easily grip and carry it with the ergonomic design. Parents can trust that it is safe and easy to clean since it is BPA free and dishwasher safe, making everyday use hassle-free and consistent.

Key Features That Matter

  • Two-piece valve effectively prevents spills and can be removed for free-flow drinking
  • Durable, bite-resistant spout suited for toddler teeth
  • Double wall insulation keeps drinks colder longer
  • Ergonomic shape fits toddler hands for easy carrying
  • All parts are dishwasher safe and BPA free for safety and convenience
  • Comes in a pack of two with attractive green and teal colors
See also  Best Water Bottle for Everyday Use 2026: Top Picks Reviewed

Considerations Before Buying

  • 9oz capacity may require frequent refilling for very thirsty toddlers
  • Design focuses on toddlers ages 1-3, so may not suit older children
  • No included strap or handle for on-the-go attachment

Who This Works Well For

This insulated toddler water bottle is ideal for parents of young children who want to minimize spills and keep drinks cool during daily activities. It removes the stress of messy leaks and encourages toddlers to drink independently with its easy grip and bite-resistant spout.

To get the best use, clean all parts regularly in the dishwasher to maintain hygiene and smooth valve function. This bottle offers peace of mind with BPA-free materials and a reliable spill-proof design, making hydration simpler and safer.

If your child is just starting with sippy cups, this bottle combines durability and comfort in a practical package that fits well in toddler routines.

Best for Why
Toddlers aged 1-3 years Designed specifically for small hands and learning drinkers
Parents seeking spill control Two-piece valve helps prevent leaks and messes
Active toddlers on the go Double wall insulation keeps drinks cold during playtime
Families wanting easy cleaning Dishwasher safe parts simplify maintenance and hygiene

Kerilyn Stainless Steel Kids Bottle

The Kerilyn Stainless Steel Kids Bottle stands out as the Best Insulated Kids Water Bottle by keeping drinks cold or hot for extended hours with safe, kid-friendly materials.

This 12oz insulated water bottle by Kerilyn is designed specifically for kids, featuring stainless steel that keeps liquids hot for up to 12 hours and cold for 24 hours. It uses safe materials free of BPA and harmful chemicals, making it a reliable choice for hydration on the go.

Its lightweight design and easy-to-use rotating strap lid make it simple for children to carry and drink from without spills. The included straws add convenience, while the durable silicone base pad protects the bottle from damage, giving parents confidence in its lasting use.

Key Benefits for Kids and Parents

  • Long-lasting insulation keeps drinks cold or hot throughout the day
  • Leak-proof design prevents spills and messes during activities
  • Safe materials free from BPA, lead, and PAES for child health
  • Lightweight and easy for kids to carry with a rotating soft strap
  • Durable silicone base pad protects against drops and damage
  • Includes two straws for added drinking options and hygiene
  • Colorful, sweat-proof coating appeals to children’s preferences

Considerations Before Buying

  • 12oz size may be small for older children or long outings
  • Straws require cleaning to maintain hygiene
  • Only one color option (Sky) may limit choice for some

Who This Bottle Works Well For

This bottle is ideal for younger children who need a compact, insulated water bottle that fits easily in backpacks or lunch boxes. It removes the worry of leaks or temperature loss during school or outdoor play.

Parents will appreciate its safe materials and durable build, which reduce cleanup and replacement stress. To keep the bottle performing well, regularly clean the straws and silicone base.

Its playful color and kid-friendly design make hydration a simple and mess-free routine for both parents and kids alike.

Best for Why
School-aged kids Compact size and leak-proof design fit well in lunch boxes and backpacks
Outdoor activities Durable silicone base and insulated steel keep drinks safe and temperature controlled
Parents seeking safe materials Bottle is BPA-free and uses 304 stainless steel for health and safety
Toddlers learning independence Easy-to-carry strap lid and included straws support self-hydration

How To Choose The Right Kids Water Bottle

Consider the Material

Stainless steel bottles offer durability and better insulation but can be heavier. BPA-free plastic options are lighter and often easier to handle but may not keep drinks cold or hot as long.

Insulation Needs

If you want to keep drinks cold or hot for many hours, choose vacuum insulated bottles. For everyday short use, plastic bottles with spill-resistant lids might be sufficient.

Ease of Use for Kids

Look for bottles with child-friendly features like easy-to-open lids, comfortable grips, and straws or spouts designed for toddlers. Consider the bottle’s size and weight relative to your child’s age and strength.

Leak-Proof and Spill Resistance

Leak-proof designs are essential, especially for school or travel. Check for secure lids and reliable seals to avoid messes in bags or backpacks.

Cleaning and Maintenance

Choose bottles with parts that are easy to disassemble and clean. Dishwasher-safe components can simplify care, but always verify manufacturer instructions.

Common Buyer Questions

Are stainless steel bottles safe for toddlers?

Yes, high-quality stainless steel bottles are safe and durable. Look for BPA-free and food-grade stainless steel to ensure safety.

Can these bottles keep drinks hot and cold?

Vacuum insulated bottles can keep drinks hot for up to 12 hours and cold for up to 24 hours. Plastic bottles generally keep drinks cold but are not designed for hot liquids.

How do I prevent leaks and spills?

Ensure lids and straws are properly closed and sealed. Many bottles have leak-proof designs, but user handling is key to avoiding spills.

Are the straws and lids easy to clean?

Most bottles come with removable straws and lids for thorough cleaning. Some parts may be dishwasher safe, but check the product details.

What size is best for my child?

Sizes typically range from 9 to 20 ounces. Younger toddlers usually manage smaller bottles, while older kids can handle larger sizes depending on their needs.

Care And Maintenance Tips

Regular cleaning prevents mold and odors, especially for bottles with straws or valves. Disassemble parts before washing. Use warm, soapy water or a dishwasher if safe. Allow all parts to dry fully before reassembling. Inspect seals and lids periodically for wear and replace if needed to maintain leak-proof performance.

Potential Challenges To Consider

Some insulated bottles can be heavier and harder for very young children to carry. Bottles with straws may require extra cleaning effort to avoid buildup. Plastic bottles may not be suitable for hot drinks. Also, ensure your child can operate the lid independently if needed, as some designs can be tricky.

Final Thoughts On Selecting A Kids Water Bottle

Choosing the right water bottle involves balancing durability, insulation, ease of use, and safety. Consider your child’s age, habits, and where they will use the bottle. Prioritize leak-proof designs and materials that align with your family’s lifestyle. With the right choice, your child can stay hydrated comfortably and confidently throughout their day.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *